As developers, we are increasingly integrating AI into our workflows using IDEs like Cursor, Windsurf, or Claude Desktop. However, Large Language Models (LLMs) can sometimes struggle with precise mathematical conversions or lack access to specific local logic.
This is where the Model Context Protocol (MCP) shines. Think of MCP as a standardized “USB-C port” that connects AI models to your local tools and data.
In this tutorial, I will show you how to build a Unit Converter MCP Server from scratch using Python. This tool will allow your AI agent to perform precise conversions for temperature, length, and weight without “hallucinating” the numbers.
Prerequisites
Python 3.10+ installed.
A code editor (VS Code, Cursor, etc.).
Basic command line knowledge.
Step 1: Environment Setup
First, let’s create a directory for our project and set up a clean Python environment.
Open your terminal and run:
mkdir mcp-unit-converter cd mcp-unit-converter
2. Create a virtual environment
python -m venv venv
3. Activate the environment
On Windows:
venvScriptsactivate
On Mac/Linux:
source venv/bin/activate
4. Install the MCP SDK
pip install mcp[cli]
Step 2: Writing the Server Code
We will use the FastMCP class to build our server quickly. Create a file named converter.py.
This code defines tools for converting Temperature (Celsius/Fahrenheit), Length (Meters/Feet), and Weight (Kg/Pounds). from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP # Initialize the server mcp = FastMCP("UnitConverter") # --- Temperature Tools --- @mcp.tool() def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius: float) -> float: """Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit""" return (celsius * 9/5) + 32 @mcp.tool() def fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit: float) -> float: """Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius""" return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9 # --- Length Tools --- @mcp.tool() def meters_to_feet(meters: float) -> float: """Convert Meters to Feet""" return meters * 3.28084 @mcp.tool() def feet_to_meters(feet: float) -> float: """Convert Feet to Meters""" return feet / 3.28084 # --- Weight Tools --- @mcp.tool() def kg_to_pounds(kg: float) -> float: """Convert Kilograms to Pounds""" return kg * 2.20462 @mcp.tool() def pounds_to_kg(pounds: float) -> float: """Convert Pounds to Kilograms""" return pounds / 2.20462 if __name__ == "__main__": mcp.run(transport="stdio")
Step 3: Testing with MCP Inspector
Before connecting it to an AI, let’s verify it works locally using the MCP Inspector.
Run this command in your terminal:
mcp dev converter.py
This will open a local web interface. You can select the celsius_to_fahrenheit tool, input 0, and check if it returns 32.
Step 4: Connecting to Cursor (AI Client)
Now for the magic. We will connect our server to Cursor (or any MCP-compliant client).
Create a .cursor folder in your project (optional, but good for organization).
Create or edit your mcp.json configuration file (usually located in your global Cursor settings or project root).
Building an MCP server is surprisingly simple. With just a few lines of Python, we extended the capabilities of our AI assistant, making it more reliable for specific tasks like unit conversion.
If you found this useful, check out the video demonstration below!
File upload functionality is a ubiquitous feature in modern web applications. From profile pictures and documents to media files and configuration data, users frequently need to upload files to servers. While providing convenience and expanding functionality, this feature also introduces a significant attack surface. Poorly implemented file upload processes can open the door to various security vulnerabilities, ranging from denial-of-service attacks to remote code execution, compromising the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of web applications and their underlying infrastructure. This article delves into the critical security issues surrounding file uploads, outlining common threats, mitigation strategies, and best practices for secure implementation.
Prerequisites:
Before diving into the specifics, a basic understanding of the following is helpful:
HTTP Protocol: Familiarity with HTTP methods (GET, POST), headers, and request-response lifecycle.
Web Application Security Fundamentals: Knowledge of common vulnerabilities like XSS, CSRF, and SQL Injection.
Server-Side Languages: Understanding the basics of the server-side language your application uses (e.g., PHP, Python, Java).
File Systems and Operating Systems: Basic understanding of file permissions and operating system concepts.
Advantages of File Upload Functionality:
Enhanced User Experience: Enables users to personalize their experience by uploading profile pictures, custom themes, or other personalized content.
Data Collection and Management: Facilitates the collection and storage of data from users in various formats (documents, spreadsheets, images).
Content Management: Allows users to contribute to and manage content on a website or application (e.g., blog posts, forum attachments).
Application Feature Extension: Extends the functionality of applications by allowing users to upload custom plugins, scripts, or configuration files.
Collaboration and Sharing: Supports collaboration and file sharing among users within an application.
Disadvantages and Security Risks:
While providing many benefits, improper implementation of file upload functionalities poses several critical risks:
Remote Code Execution (RCE): Malicious users can upload executable files (e.g., PHP, Python, ASPX) that, when executed by the server, grant them complete control over the system.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): If user-uploaded files are served without proper sanitization, attackers can inject malicious scripts into HTML or other supported formats, allowing them to execute arbitrary code in the context of other users’ browsers.
Denial-of-Service (DoS): Uploading extremely large files can exhaust server resources (disk space, memory, bandwidth), leading to a denial of service for legitimate users.
Information Disclosure: Uploading files with sensitive information can lead to its unintentional exposure. Even the act of uploading files without proper access controls can leak information.
File Inclusion Vulnerabilities: In some cases, file upload vulnerabilities can be chained with local file inclusion (LFI) or remote file inclusion (RFI) vulnerabilities to achieve code execution or other unauthorized access.
Bypassing Security Measures: Attackers can use various techniques to bypass poorly designed security controls, such as filename manipulation, content type spoofing, or exploiting vulnerabilities in file parsing libraries.
Storage and Privacy Issues: Lack of proper encryption and access controls on uploaded files can lead to data breaches and privacy violations.
Features of Secure File Upload Implementation:
A robust and secure file upload implementation should incorporate the following key features:
File Type Validation:
Whitelist Approach: Only allow specific and safe file types.
Client-Side and Server-Side Validation: Implement validation on both client and server sides. Client-side validation enhances user experience by providing immediate feedback, while server-side validation is crucial for security as it cannot be bypassed.
Magic Number Verification: Check the file’s “magic number” (also known as a file signature) to verify its true type, regardless of the filename extension.
Remove Potentially Harmful Characters: Strip or replace characters that could be used in path traversal attacks or script injection (e.g., “..”, “<“, “>”, “;”, “&”).
Generate Unique Filenames: Avoid relying on user-provided filenames. Instead, generate unique, unpredictable filenames to prevent file overwriting and potential information disclosure.
importosimportuuidfromwerkzeug.utilsimportsecure_filenamedefgenerate_unique_filename(filename):extension=filename.rsplit('.',1)[1].lower()unique_filename=str(uuid.uuid4())+'.'+extensionreturnsecure_filename(unique_filename)# Using Werkzeug's secure_filename
File Size Limits:
Enforce Maximum File Size: Limit the maximum allowed file size to prevent denial-of-service attacks. Base the limit on the expected use case and server resources.
Configure Server-Side Limits: Also configure size limits in the web server (e.g., client_max_body_size in Nginx, LimitRequestBody in Apache).
Content Security Policy (CSP):
Restrict Script Execution: Use CSP headers to restrict the execution of inline scripts and scripts loaded from untrusted sources. This helps mitigate XSS attacks arising from uploaded files.
Dedicated Upload Directory: Store uploaded files in a dedicated directory, separate from the web application’s root directory. This helps prevent direct access to executable files.
Disable Script Execution: Disable script execution in the upload directory (e.g., using .htaccess in Apache or configuring appropriate server settings).
Proper File Permissions: Set appropriate file permissions to restrict access to uploaded files. Ensure that only the web server process has the necessary permissions to read and write files in the upload directory.
Encryption: Encrypt sensitive uploaded files at rest and in transit to protect their confidentiality.
File Content Scanning:
Antivirus Integration: Integrate with an antivirus scanner to scan uploaded files for malware and malicious content.
Custom Scanning Logic: Implement custom scanning logic to detect suspicious patterns or code fragments in uploaded files.
Input Validation:
Validate All Input Fields: Thoroughly validate all input fields associated with the file upload process, including filename, description, and metadata.
Escape Output: Always escape data retrieved from uploaded files before displaying it in the browser to prevent XSS attacks.
Authentication and Authorization:
Authentication: Require users to authenticate before uploading files.
Authorization: Implement authorization checks to ensure that users have the necessary permissions to upload files to specific locations or with specific attributes.
Logging and Monitoring:
Log File Upload Activities: Log all file upload attempts, including successful and failed uploads, filename, file size, user ID, and timestamp.
Monitor Logs for Suspicious Activity: Regularly monitor logs for suspicious activity, such as repeated failed upload attempts, uploads of unexpected file types, or large file sizes.
Error Handling:
Handle Errors Gracefully: Implement robust error handling to gracefully handle unexpected errors during the file upload process.
Provide Informative Error Messages: Provide informative error messages to users to help them troubleshoot issues. Avoid exposing sensitive information in error messages.
Code Snippets:
The above examples were written in Python using the Flask framework and the python-magic library. The principles are applicable across languages. Remember to adapt the code to your specific server-side language and framework. Always consult the official documentation for the libraries and frameworks you are using.
Conclusion:
Secure file upload functionality is a crucial aspect of web application security. Neglecting proper security measures can lead to severe consequences, including remote code execution, data breaches, and denial-of-service attacks. By implementing the security features and best practices outlined in this article, developers can significantly reduce the risk of file upload vulnerabilities and protect their web applications and users from harm. Remember that security is an ongoing process, and continuous monitoring, testing, and updates are essential to maintain a secure file upload implementation. Regularly review and update your security measures to address emerging threats and vulnerabilities.
• Buy/Stream Modd & Voice of Babylon ‘Follow The Star / Feel Love’: https://exp.anjunadeep.co/mvob.oyd • Anjunadeep Explorations Discography: https://exp.anjunadeep.co/discog.oyd • Anjunadeep 2025: https://anjunadeep.co/deep2025.oyd • Listen to Anjunadeep Radio 24/7: https://anjunadeep.co/radio.oyd • Anjuna Music Store: https://music.anjunabeats.com/ • Anjuna Merchandise: https://store.anjunabeats.com/ • Join our newsletter for updates: https://anjunadeep.com/gb/join Modd & Voice of Babylon unite for their first collaborative release on Anjunadeep Explorations, ‘Follow The Star / Feel Love’. DJ and producer Stanislav Klimushin, better known as Modd, is a longstanding and respected member of the deep and organic house community. A regular name on Anjunadeep since the late 2010s, he’s behind label classics such as ‘Abenaki’, ‘Guron’, and ‘Swallow’s Nest’ with Hosini – records that went on to become staples of melodic house sets around the world. His work has also appeared on Sasha’s Last Night On Earth, Lee Burridge’s All Day I Dream, and Balance Music. With multiple Beatport Organic House #1s to his name, including ‘It’s Gonna Be Okay’ (2024) and ‘Beyond’ (2021), Modd continues to evolve his lush, nature-infused sound. His productions are frequently supported by tastemakers like Kölsch, Jody Wisternoff, Lee Burridge, and Hernán Cattáneo, and have received airplay from Pete Tong on BBC Radio 1, and KCRW. On his new release, Modd teams up with Voice of Babylon for the first time blending his organic, melodic touch with the collaborator’s deeper, club-focused edge. The result is a hypnotic and emotive pairing that captures both artists’ strengths – intricate textures, fluid grooves, and an unmistakable sense of warmth. Modd & Voice of Babylon’s ‘Follow The Star / Feel Love’ is out now on Anjunadeep Explorations. Release date: 3 December 2025 Follow Anjunadeep: • Youtube: https://anjunadeep.co/youtube.oyd • Website: http://www.anjunadeep.com • Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/anjunadeep • Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/anjunadeep • Spotify: https://anjunadeep.co/spotify.oyd • Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/anjunadeep • SoundCloud: http://soundcloud.com/anjunadeep • Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/AboveandBeyond/ • Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/anjuna • Discord: http://www.discord.gg/anjuna • Join our newsletter: https://anjunadeep.com/signup/ Follow Anjunadeep Playlists: • Anjunadeep 2025: https://anjunadeep.co/deep2025.oyd • Anjunadeep Discography: https://anjunadeep.co/discog.oyd • Anjunadeep Essentials: https://anjunadeep.co/essentialsplaylist.oyd • Anjunadeep Explorations Discography: https://exp.anjunadeep.co/discog.oyd #Anjunadeep #Explorations #Modd #VoiceofBabylon #FollowTheStar
Ayvens SA, a French fleet managing and car leasing company, is marketing a £200m ($264m) dual-tranche bullet loan, according to a person familiar with the matter.
The country’s transport ministry said the search would resume on 30 December and confirmed that US robotic company Ocean Infinity would take part
The search for the missing Malaysia Airline flight MH370 will resume this month, over a decade after the plane was lost, Malaysia’s transport ministry has announced.
In a statement on Wednesday, the transport ministry said the search would resume on 30 December, and confirmed that US robotic company Ocean Infinity would take part in a search of the seabed that would run for 50 days.
Right-hander Cody Ponce and the Toronto Blue Jays are in agreement on a three-year, $30 million contract, sources told ESPN, doubling the largest contract ever for a domestic player returning from the Korea Baseball Organization.
Ponce, 31, won KBO Most Valuable Player this year, going 17-1 with a 1.89 ERA and 252 strikeouts against 41 walks in 180⅔ innings for the Hanwha Eagles. A former second-round pick who threw 55⅓ innings with Pittsburgh in 2020-21, Ponce remade his arsenal and joins a deep Blue Jays rotation that last week added right-hander Dylan Cease for $210 million over seven years.
The highest previous contract for a player coming back from the KBO was a two-year, $15 million deal the Chicago White Sox gave right-hander Erick Fedde before the 2024 season.
Ponce comes with higher expectations — and superior stuff. Ponce added strength and turned his 6-foot-6, 250-pound frame into a strike-throwing machine, sitting 95 mph with his fastball, topping out at 98 and using a low-spin kick changeup to put away hitters.
Toronto, which has been among the most aggressive teams scouting Asia in recent years, expressed interest in Ponce early in free agency and did not relent as the price of the contract grew. Despite a rotation that already includes Cease and right-handers Kevin Gausman, Trey Yesavage, Shane Bieber and Jose Berrios, Toronto pushed its projected luxury tax payroll to more than $270 million, exceeding the first threshold of the competitive-balance tax.
Whether the Blue Jays will consider a six-man rotation or simply want the comfort of more starting pitching, their pursuit of Ponce bolsters the pitching staff of the American League pennant winners. The deal, which is pending a physical, is the latest in a series of moves by AL East teams this winter, with Cease’s signing, Boston’s trade for right-hander Sonny Gray and Baltimore signing closer Ryan Helsley and trading for left fielder Taylor Ward.
Toronto pushed the Los Angeles Dodgers to the precipice in the World Series on the strength of pitches similar to Ponce’s changeup, which has a movement profile similar to the split-fingered fastballs of Gausman and Yesavage. Ponce picked up the pitch over the winter when working out with Boston Red Sox ace Garrett Crochet and New York Mets right-hander Clay Holmes — with whom he played in Pittsburgh — and tinkered with a proper grip that best fit his unusually large hands.
Ponce had spent the previous three seasons in Japan, posting a 4.54 ERA for Nippon Ham and Rakuten over 202 innings. He found his greatest success in Korea, which has been the springboard for Fedde and Merrill Kelly to return to MLB.
The wildest college football coaching cycle — perhaps ever — has reached the hiring phase.
Schools around the Power 4 that fired their coaches in the first two months of the season — or, in Stanford’s case, way back in late March — are targeting candidates and finalizing deals. Interestingly enough, one of the first major coaches to lose his job, Penn State’s James Franklin, was the first noninterim coach to be hired, as he is headed to Virginia Tech.
New hires always come with hope and optimism, grand proclamations and the chance to get programs on the right track. But not all hiring processes are the same. The financial component with jobs is essential — what schools are willing to spend not just on their head coach, but the assistants and support staff and, perhaps most important, the team roster.
We will be reviewing all of the major coaching hires in the 2025-26 cycle, evaluating how each coach fits in the job, their major challenges and what it will take to be successful. We will also assign an initial letter grade for each hire.
Stein loves Kentucky. He told me that when I visited Oregon recently. We were talking about the coaching carousel, jobs that had opened and potential openings, and he mentioned his connection to Kentucky. How both of his parents went there and that his dad, Matt, played defensive end for the Wildcats under coach Jerry Claiborne. Stein is from Louisville and played quarterback for the University of Louisville, Kentucky’s in-state rival, but grew up attending UK games. Despite other suitors in this cycle and likely in future ones, Stein had a desire to coach Kentucky, which really matters.
He also gives Kentucky a vision for the offense that it needs after the past few seasons. Since the start of the 2022 season, Kentucky ranks 115th nationally in scoring and 101st in total offense. Stein has quickly emerged as one of the sport’s top playcallers, and has won with different quarterbacks, from the record-setting Frank Harris at UTSA to Bo Nix, Dillon Gabriel and now Dante Moore at Oregon. He operates a system that should attract talented offensive players to Lexington. Stein also has been around strong mentors, from Jeff Traylor to Dan Lanning.
What are the biggest challenges for Stein?
Stein has shown he can handle quarterbacks and design offensive game plans, but how ready is he to oversee an SEC program? He has made a quick rise after landing his first on-field job in the FBS in 2020. The SEC is seemingly getting deeper by the year and can be merciless to coaches and programs that aren’t buttoned-down in every aspect. Stein will need to compile a strong staff, especially on defense but also with a veteran mentor or two. He must take the best elements of coaches like Lanning and Traylor, and apply them as he shapes his own program.
The other big challenge is personnel and upgrading Kentucky’s talent level, ideally with greater resources than Stoops had at the end of his tenure. Stein’s childhood connection to Kentucky and personality should get donors and fans engaged, but the program has fallen behind operationally as teams like Vanderbilt and Missouri have accelerated. Athletics director Mitch Barnhart and university president Eli Capilouto have been in their roles a long time, but they’re also nearing the ends of their careers. Stein must push both leaders to help him get what he needs, especially during the first 12-18 months of his tenure.
Grade: A-
Stein’s lack of head-coaching experience is the only thing keeping the grade from being a full-on A. Kentucky needed a coach who wanted to be there, knew enough about the program and had a plan to elevate its offensive production after Mark Stoops went through a revolving door of coordinators late in his tenure. Kentucky will score and be exciting under Stein, who already has a baked-in connection to the program. Stein will need a strong staff around him but should give UK a chance to rise, even in the difficult SEC. — Adam Rittenberg
The Big Ten always made the most sense as the setting for Fitzgerald’s return to the sideline. His connections to Northwestern and the Chicago area are obviously extensive, and he has a son playing for Kirk Ferentz at Iowa, where he attended several games this season. Fitzgerald knows the league and the recruiting footprint, and also how to do more with less. Jonathan Smith is a good coach but had never worked outside of the Pacific Northwest; Fitzgerald is a true Midwesterner who has seen firsthand how good Michigan State can be. He coached at Northwestern when MSU won three Big Ten titles under Mark Dantonio and recorded three consecutive AP top-6 finishes from 2013 to 2015. Fitzgerald should create an immediate connection with MSU fans that Smith unfortunately lacked.
The 50-year-old will receive improved resources at Michigan State, both financially and with admissions, that he never really had at Northwestern. He put together Northwestern’s most consistently successful stretch of the modern era from 2008 to 2018, when the program had five AP Top 25 finishes, won two Big Ten West titles and appeared in 10 bowl games. He will need a much better plan for the staff than he showed toward the end of his Northwestern tenure, when the team’s results fell off a cliff. But sometimes several years away from the game can give a talented coach like Fitzgerald the perspective needed to shift certain philosophies that held him back. — Rittenberg
Biggest challenges Fitzgerald will face?
Michigan State’s quarterbacks have struggled the past decade, following the years of stability with Drew Stanton, Kirk Cousins, Brian Hoyer and Connor Cook, who all gave the Spartans offense a high floor. Aidan Chiles, who came over with Smith from Oregon State two years ago, was benched in favor of Alessio Milivojevic on Nov. 1. Milivojevic lost his first three starts before throwing four touchdowns in the season-ending win over Maryland. To have any chance at instant success, Fitzgerald will have to look at the quarterback situation, potentially bringing in a transfer. Fitzgerald will also have to be smart with who he brings in at coordinator.
Northwestern never recovered after Fitzgerald fired longtime offensive coordinator Mick McCall in 2019 and veteran defensive coordinator Mike Hankwitz retired in 2020. The Wildcats won four games combined in 2021-22. The Big Ten is also different from when Fitzgerald last coached. Oregon, Washington and USC — combined with the emergence of Indiana — have made the Big Ten that much tougher for programs like Northwestern and Michigan State. — Jake Trotter
Grade: B
Fitzgerald deserved another opportunity after settling his lawsuit with Northwestern this past summer and being publicly cleared of culpability in the hazing scandal. There has been some selective amnesia in evaluating his candidacy, though. He wasn’t the first coach to win at Northwestern (predecessors Randy Walker and Gary Barnett both won Big Ten titles there). While he had a really nice run before NIL, the transfer portal and when the Big Ten had divisions, he also went 4-20 in his last two seasons and won three games or fewer in three of the last four. Fitzgerald must harness the qualities that made him a consistent winner at Northwestern but also show growth in how he hires staff and approaches roster-building to win at MSU. — Rittenberg
For UCLA to come out of a competitive hiring cycle with a coach like Chesney is certainly a big win for the program. Chesney not only has continued the success predecessor Curt Cignetti had at James Madison, but he has won everywhere else he has coached. The 48-year-old guided Holy Cross to five consecutive FCS playoff appearances, including a No. 6 finish in 2022. Chesney went 44-16 at Assumption University in Massachusetts and 23-9 at Salve Regina, a Division III program in Rhode Island. There might not be an exact replica of Cignetti out there, but Chesney’s background as a program-builder, with a clear vision, provides a nice pathway for UCLA after a tumultuous period.
Penn State seemingly would have made more sense for Chesney, a Pennsylvania native who has spent his entire career in the region. But UCLA pried him away and gives itself a chance to reset after a 2025 season that began with great optimism but sidetracked quickly with the firing of coach DeShaun Foster. Chesney is charismatic and should be able to connect with key UCLA stakeholders and garner the support needed to move the program forward. UCLA has tried several coaches with ties to its program who haven’t really panned out. Chesney is a bit of a departure but could be the one to get the Bruins more competitive in the Big Ten. — Rittenberg
What are the biggest challenges for Chesney?
When Foster was hired to be UCLA’s next head coach after Chip Kelly’s departure, the challenge was making UCLA attractive again. The Bruins opted for familiarity with a former player and first-time head coach and it backfired. Now, they’ve gone outside the box to a coach who hasn’t spent any time on the West Coast. There lies Chesney’s biggest challenge.
UCLA may not be able to immediately recruit or use the transfer portal with the likes of USC and Oregon on this side of the college football world, but Chesney has the pedigree of being able to develop players at lower levels and win wherever he has been. How he can harness that into not only excitement around the program, but also substance and results will be crucial.
There’s plenty of talent on the West Coast for UCLA to be better than it has been in recent years, but Chesney may need to completely revamp the school’s reputation on the recruiting trail (and in his roster-building approach utilizing the portal) as he sets out to create a vision for what kind of team he wants the Bruins to be.
It never quite felt like Foster was able to do just that, and though interim Tim Skipper did infuse life into the team after Foster’s firing, this is a program that needs a clear, viable and effective long-term directive. The question is whether Chesney can concoct the right recipe to turn a fledgling brand into more than just a Big Ten also-ran. — Paolo Uggetti
Grade: B+
Chesney is a really strong hire for UCLA. My only hesitation is the location — and, to a degree, the league — as Chesney has never worked anywhere near the West Coast. UCLA is a hard job even for those familiar with campus politics, the University of California system, the stadium situation and the Southern California recruiting scene. Although parallels will be drawn between Cignetti and Chesney, Cignetti worked in the Power 4 for Nick Saban at Alabama, as well as NC State and Pitt. There will be an adjustment period for Chesney, but his track record suggests UCLA will be winning soon and consistently. — Rittenberg
LSU got the coach it wanted ahead of other suitors, further confirming that its coaching job, despite the drama and dysfunction, remains one of the best in college football. Kiffin left a great situation at the height of his powers because he knows that LSU can consistently compete for national titles in ways that other programs simply cannot. In Kiffin, LSU gains a coach accustomed to the bright lights and the big stadiums, who can attract and develop talent and potentially restore the program to national powerhouse status. LSU can offer the big stage Kiffin lacked at Ole Miss, and wanted again.
Kiffin hasn’t worked at LSU but knows the SEC well after stops at Ole Miss, Alabama and Tennessee. Like Kiffin did at Ole Miss, he should put together an excellent staff that can scour Louisiana, Texas and the surrounding areas for top talent. He certainly will try to bring some of Ole Miss’ top players with him. Kiffin brings the offensive chops that LSU lacked at the end of Kelly’s tenure. He’s one of the nation’s best at identifying and developing quarterbacks, and the emergence of running back Kewan Lacy and others underscores that the Kiffin plan works on offense. — Rittenberg
Biggest challenges Kiffin will face
LSU has a reputation as a place where it is possible to win championships, and that expectation will be placed on Kiffin immediately – especially with the money he is being paid. The Tigers pride themselves on this fact as Nick Saban, Les Miles, then Ed Orgeron all won national titles. Brian Kelly was an awkward fit from the start and never truly got the vibe down on the Bayou. Kiffin has his own unique way of running a program, but he has to find a way to work with all the different “cooks in the kitchen” so to speak. The entire state is heavily invested in LSU football, and though Kiffin has an extremely high profile, he is moving to an even bigger spotlight in Baton Rouge — the only Power 4 school in the state. Kiffin must embrace that, and everything that comes with it. As coveted as he was in this cycle, Kiffin has never won a conference title and finding a way to get over the hump at a school like LSU has to happen. This will be his best shot to get it done, and the clock will start ticking as soon as his first press conference ends. — Andrea Adelson
Grade: A-
The fixation around Kiffin the past few weeks would normally be attached to a multi-time national championship winner, or at least a coach who has won a Power 4 conference title. Kiffin did tremendous work at Ole Miss but still needs to show he can win the biggest games consistently. LSU is a national championship-or-bust type of program, and Kiffin will be judged at the very highest level, which he craves. He brings the right ingredients to get it done in Baton Rouge, especially his work with quarterbacks. — Rittenberg
Ole Miss makes DC Pete Golding new head coach
Why is this a good fit?
Under normal circumstances, Ole Miss could run a complete coaching search, thoroughly assess candidates currently in head-coaching roles, and others who might help build on the historic success under Lane Kiffin. But these are the strangest of times in Oxford, as Kiffin exits for LSU, a College Football Playoff first-round game looms for the Rebels, and emotions are running extremely high. Kiffin certainly will try to poach the roster for top pieces, and Ole Miss must do what it can to protect as many players as possible. Golding was the lead recruiter for many of them. He’s well-liked by players and won’t need to familiarize himself with Oxford, the administration and how Ole Miss is set up to compete.
Golding, 41, might not have been on the wish list for other SEC jobs just yet, but Ole Miss found itself in a unique situation. He’s a Louisiana native who has spent his entire career in the region, first at his alma mater Delta State and other smaller programs, and then Southern Miss and UTSA before getting his big break with Nick Saban at Alabama in 2018. Golding spent five seasons as a coordinator under Saban, and helped the Crimson Tide to a national title in 2020, before joining Kiffin at Ole Miss. He gives Ole Miss a chance not only for success in this year’s CFP, but can minimize disruptions during a very bumpy coaching transition.
What will be Golding’s biggest challenge?
Golding should be able to handle the next few weeks, but his true readiness for the enormity of the job is unclear. Again, he didn’t emerge as a candidate for the other SEC openings in this cycle, which suggests some external concern about his ability to handle such a role. Any first-time coaching job brings its challenges and even though Golding knows Ole Miss, he hasn’t been the face of the program. He’s also replacing a coach who put together the team’s most successful run since John Vaught in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Although Golding has shown his talents in recruiting and with schematics, how will he handle the media? How does he do in front of donors and other key stakeholders with the university? Perhaps he just needed the chance, which he now has, but assistant coaches that are shielded from the media often take some time to get fully comfortable.
Grade: B
Coaching hires can’t be evaluated in a vacuum, and Golding’s ultimate success or failure at Ole Miss will be judged by what he accomplishes beyond the 2025 season. But what happens in Ole Miss’ first CFP appearance, after losing Kiffin to a rival SEC school, absolutely does matter, too, and Golding gives Ole Miss a chance to prolong a really special season. There’s little doubt he will continue to compile strong rosters. He will need a strong supporting staff, especially a talented offensive coordinator hire, to ultimately sustain and even elevate the program. The key question here is whether other SEC programs missed out on a great candidate in Golding, or will Ole Miss suffer for making an in-the-moment decision that could backfire long-term? — Rittenberg
Florida fans: Sumrall isn’t Billy Napier. Yes, Sumrall is another promising Group of 5 coach from a program in Louisiana, just as Napier was when he came to Gainesville. But Sumrall is a different personality who comes from the opposite side of the ball and has more ties to the SEC, where he both played (Kentucky) and coached (Ole Miss, Kentucky). He is more comfortable than Napier was in being the face of a major program and will delegate to his coordinators while compiling a strong staff. Although Auburn seemed like a more natural spot for Sumrall because of his connections to the state of Alabama, Florida gives him an even bigger platform at the lone SEC program in one of the nation’s top talent-producing states.
The other thing Sumrall brings is wins. He won Sun Belt titles in both of his seasons at Troy and went to the American Conference title game in his first year at Tulane. Sumrall has succeeded in different ways and with different types of quarterbacks. He hasn’t won in the Power 4 or at a program such as Florida, which is an understandable concern. But Sumrall is ready for the opportunity and should be able to foster the consistency Florida has lacked for far too long. Florida didn’t have a talent problem under Napier, and Sumrall should continue to excel in personnel while translating it better on the field. — Rittenberg
Biggest challenges Sumrall will face
Where do we start? First and foremost, Sumrall has to find a way to win over a fan base that thought it had a shot at landing Lane Kiffin. Whether that was a reality or not, Gators fans had their hopes up that Kiffin would choose them. With that, Sumrall has to convince fans he is not another version of Napier. Once Sumrall has done that, he has to find a way to win at what has proved to be one of the hardest jobs to crack in the SEC. Florida has not won an SEC title since 2008, and while there remains a belief it is one of the best jobs in the country, Florida goes through coaches at a fairly frequent clip. If past is precedent, Sumrall will be given a year or two to find success before the fan base starts to turn on him; four years max to compete for a championship. Expectations are sky-high, and Sumrall will be given no leeway to learn on the job. — Adelson
Grade: B+
Sumrall has the ingredients to become the next great SEC coach. He’s an excellent communicator who connects with a range of people and should get Florida fans excited about the future, even if they might be skeptical at first because of his background. Florida isn’t where I initially saw Sumrall ending up in a wild coaching cycle, but if the school gives him some time, he should stabilize and elevate the Gators’ on-field performance and start getting more out of very talented rosters there. — Rittenberg
Silverfield has quietly become a really successful coach in the region, and he certainly seems ready for a Power 4 opportunity such as Arkansas. Although he hasn’t generated as much buzz as Tulane’s Jon Sumrall and other American Conference coaches, Silverfield has beaten many of them in head-to-head matchups and boasts a 29-9 record since the start of the 2023 season, including an AP Top 25 finish last fall. Silverfield led Memphis to a win against Arkansas earlier this season, and he has beaten four consecutive Power 4 opponents, including West Virginia and Iowa State in bowl games over the past two seasons.
He has led Memphis since late 2019 but has been at the program since 2016, so he understands the recruiting landscape and where Arkansas must look for players. Arkansas’ location can be a challenge for acquiring talent, but Silverfield shouldn’t be intimidated by it. He also brings a strong background on offense to Fayetteville and should compile a staff that has similar knowledge to the area and possibly the SEC.
What are the biggest challenges for Silverfield?
The SEC is only getting tougher with the additions of Texas and Oklahoma, the emergence of Texas A&M, Ole Miss and Vanderbilt, and the pressure on a traditional heavyweight such as Florida to start making the CFP. Where does Arkansas really fit in the SEC pecking order? Silverfield likely will have to do more with less initially and win games against programs that have been on steadier footing. His real challenge will be trying to energize and unite the financial hubs around the Arkansas program, which give it a chance to accelerate but haven’t always been harnessed.
Athletic director Hunter Yurachek was blunt earlier this year about the increased resources needed to better compete in the SEC. Arkansas seemingly could access those individuals and corporations with the right coach and vision. That’s where Silverfield comes in, as Arkansas can use those relationships to overcome some of its baked-in obstacles. Silverfield will need a strong introductory period, as Arkansas fans might not know him that well and need to embrace his personality and leadership style. The first offseason will be critical to make sure the program doesn’t fall further behind.
Grade: B
Silverfield’s consistency and success tended to go under the radar at a program such as Memphis, where people have grown accustomed to really strong seasons. But his steady leadership style, shown in 2023, 2024 and most of this year, should help an Arkansas program that needs clear direction. He hasn’t coached in the SEC, and there could be a learning curve, but he shouldn’t be surprised walking in the door at Arkansas after spending so much time with Memphis. — Rittenberg
Every SEC school asks its head coaches to be engaged in recruiting, and Auburn is no exception. Although Auburn never got the results it wanted with Hugh Freeze, the school’s approach toward NIL and acquiring talent — a major draw when it tried to lure Lane Kiffin from Ole Miss — showed up on the roster. Golesh is the type of head coach who could harness Auburn’s established personnel apparatus and really maximize things going forward. He’s about as hands-on in the recruiting space as head coaches get. When Golesh was offensive coordinator at Tennessee, I remember sitting in his office and seeing him monitor all the recruiting transactions from social media on a giant screen. Golesh will get after it to upgrade Auburn’s roster and use all the resources available to him. He won’t be intimidated by the SEC recruiting scene and has ties to multiple states, including Florida and Ohio.
Golesh also brings an offensive background that should energize Auburn fans, especially after how poorly things went on that side of the ball under Freeze. Golesh spent time with Matt Campbell early in his career then with Josh Heupel at both UCF and Tennessee. South Florida ranks in the top five nationally in both scoring and total offense this season, and its defense shined in wins against Boise State and Florida.
What will be Golesh’s biggest challenge?
The challenge at Auburn is almost always the same: Can the head coach truly capitalize on the best parts of the place — an advantageous recruiting location, strong financial resources and a large and extremely devoted fan base — while navigating the big donors and other significant forces that have clashed too often over time and ultimately held back the program’s progress? Golesh is a strong communicator and brings a good mix of experience to the Plains, most notably his two seasons as an SEC coordinator at Tennessee.
He hasn’t been an SEC head coach, though, and he will need to show he won’t be pushed around or swayed by the forces that have doomed Auburn in the past. Golesh’s staff hires at Auburn will be especially important on defense, as South Florida made strides on that side this season but also struggled in key losses to Memphis and Navy. The other element worth watching is how Golesh balances the personnel element, undoubtedly his passion, with some of the other key responsibilities that come with managing an exciting but complicated program such as Auburn.
Grade: B+
Despite no Power 4 head coaching experience, Golesh checks a lot of boxes with his background, having worked in the Big Ten, Big 12 and SEC, and in the Midwest, South and Southeast. His time at Tennessee should really help him at a program such as Auburn, which has a chance to move up in the SEC pecking order but will need a smart, aggressive approach. Golesh’s record of 23-15 doesn’t really jump off the page, and he hasn’t been part of a conference championship just yet. But his assertive vision as a recruiter gives Auburn a chance to quickly improve its roster and win more in an increasingly difficult SEC. — Rittenberg
Pritchard understands Stanford — its advantages, limitations and possibilities — better than most. He played quarterback for the Cardinal from 2006 to 2009, ahead of Andrew Luck’s run, and then spent the first 13 years of his coaching career with his alma mater, until joining the Washington Commanders‘ staff in 2023. He won’t be blindsided by what he’s walking into at Stanford. He also has a very close relationship with Luck, who is truly directing the program. There will be no feeling-out period between head coach and general manager.
Pritchard, 38, was part of Stanford’s seismic shift under Jim Harbaugh, quarterbacking the team to a signature win against USC in 2007. He then witnessed Stanford’s rise to a consistent contender and, more importantly, saw how things went downhill so quickly after COVID and in the portal/NIL era. His ability to learn from those difficult times and ensure Stanford avoids them will be important. But again, he’s not doing this alone, as he comes in immediately aligned with Luck. — Rittenberg
What will be Pritchard’s biggest challenge?
Generating momentum. Few people share as close an association with some of the biggest moments in Stanford history as Pritchard, but during those heights, the Cardinal never truly resonated broadly within a competitive San Francisco Bay Area sports market. With the collapse of the Pac-12 and six losing seasons in the past seven years, Stanford football has essentially become irrelevant locally. Building a program under those circumstances is difficult.
The academic side of things will always be a draw and should, in theory, help the program limit excessive outgoing transfers, but there also needs to be a robust NIL program. At Stanford that doesn’t have to be a problem. The university’s alumni base is notably wealthy, but it also has not proved to be a group eager to part with large sums of money to help field a better football team. That’s perhaps more of an issue that Luck will be responsible for dealing with, but it is very much part of the hand Pritchard has been dealt.
Beyond the structural challenges, this is just a team that needs a talent upgrade. They don’t have the players right now to compete at a high level. — Kyle Bonagura
Grade: C+
Luck didn’t make the most imaginative hire here. He went with a close friend who needs no introduction to Stanford and the vision for success there. But Pritchard hasn’t been a head coach before and wasn’t mentioned as being on the radar for many other college or NFL jobs. Stanford is really betting on potential here. He only really knows Stanford, which might work out in this case, but he also must learn from what happened toward the end of David Shaw’s tenure and chart out a new path. — Rittenberg
Oklahoma State needed a coach who knew the Big 12 and the region, and someone who could bring a clear vision, especially on offense. Quarterback play was central to Oklahoma State’s identity under Mike Gundy, and Morris has become one of the best talent identifiers in recent years. Oklahoma State needs to accelerate its recruiting, but likely won’t have the first choice for players, and Morris has repeatedly shown the ability to find and develop under-the-radar players. Ideally, he can bring quarterback Drew Mestemaker and others to Stillwater, and perhaps more importantly, make Oklahoma State an attractive destination for top offensive performers again.
Morris played and coached in the Big 12 at Texas Tech and spent time at Houston early in his career, so he won’t be unfamiliar with the key characteristics of a program like Oklahoma State. He’s not a Gundy disciple, but he can respect what Gundy did to elevate the program, while implementing his own vision, which worked both at Incarnate Word and at North Texas. — Rittenberg
What will be Morris’ biggest challenge?
The answer here is twofold: 1) Morris must live up to the unprecedented levels of consistent success his predecessor brought Oklahoma State; 2) Morris will also have to figure out exactly how to take the Cowboys’ football program to the future.
On the first point, whomever Oklahoma State chose to hire this cycle was going to be replacing a coach who won more — and more consistently — than any other figure in program history. Before 2023, the Cowboys made 18 consecutive bowl appearances under Gundy, winning eight or more games in 13 of those seasons. Past leading Oklahoma State to the very top of the sport and turning the program into a national brand, Gundy’s greatest achievement was transforming a school that had registered back-to-back 10-win seasons only once before he took over in 2005 into a perennial winner. Morris, who made two playoff appearances at Incarnate Word and has North Texas contending for the American this fall, has a history of producing quick turnarounds. Getting Oklahoma State upright — which will likely require a massive roster and staff overhaul — should be his first objective. From there, Morris will be judged on the expectations set by Gundy before him.
How does Morris take Oklahoma State into the future? Gundy’s initial, outspoken reluctance, then too-little, too-late embrace of college football’s NIL/transfer portal era hurt the Cowboys on the field and laid the groundwork for his unceremonious departure earlier this fall. Oklahoma State has fallen behind in terms of roster budgeting compared to its Big 12 counterparts, and industry sources suggested that the Cowboys’ ability to present improved resources would be a key piece of the hiring process. Morris has built a career on making more out of less, and that will serve him well in Stillwater. He has also proven capable of navigating the transfer portal and the current complexities of the sport. With help from Oklahoma State (and its boosters), Morris must take steps to modernize the program. If he can, a Big 12 conference landscape that remains wide open outside of Texas Tech could once again be Oklahoma State’s for the taking. — Eli Lederman
Grade: A-
Morris is only 40 (cue the Gundy memes), hasn’t been a Power 4 head coach, and before this season had only middling results with North Texas. His quarterback track record is his superpower, though, and Oklahoma State needs a renaissance at the position after things fell off too sharply. Morris can recruit Texas and build up the roster. Time will tell if he has the expertise to win one-score games in a league where programs are extremely similar. — Rittenberg
Paul Finebaum: Is Virginia Tech an upgrade for James Franklin?
Paul Finebaum weighs in on James Franklin reportedly being hired as Virginia Tech’s next coach.
Why is this a good fit?
When Franklin was fired and almost immediately announced his intentions to coach in 2026, Virginia Tech emerged as a natural landing spot for the 53-year-old. He has spent most of his career near the mid-Atlantic region, twice serving as a Maryland assistant, leading programs in Vanderbilt and Penn State and even working within the state at James Madison in 1997.
He understands the key recruiting areas extremely well. Franklin ultimately was fired for not winning the biggest games at Penn State, but he still won a lot of them (104) and understands how to build a consistently successful program. Virginia Tech ultimately had to do more of the selling here and convince a veteran coach that it was financially serious enough to contend in the ACC. Franklin isn’t shy about asking for what he needs, and he wouldn’t take the job if he didn’t feel that Virginia Tech’s investments are sufficient to compete for ACC championships. — Rittenberg
What will be Franklin’s biggest challenge?
This hire would not have happened without the financial investment Virginia Tech is about to make in football. The Hokies have languished behind their ACC counterparts in nearly every area — from staffing to salaries to NIL — and some of that has to do with an outdated way of thinking. The one through line has been the thought that the Hokies could win the way Frank Beamer won. That is a big reason why they hired Brent Pry, who served as Franklin’s defensive coordinator, as head coach in November 2021. That clearly did not work, as Pry never won more than seven games in a season. Virginia Tech pledged to add $229 million to its overall athletics budget over the next four years — a huge concession that the old model no longer works in this new era of college football.
But Franklin has to get the entire athletic department to believe the old Beamer days truly are over and things must be done his way. That is challenge No. 1. The second challenge is to restore Virginia Tech’s prowess in recruiting its home state. Franklin had success taking players out of Virginia Tech’s backyard and turning them into stars at Penn State. Will he be able to do the same now at Virginia Tech, which has lost an enormous amount of ground to powers outside the state? The high school players being recruited now were toddlers the last time Virginia Tech was a nationally respected program playing in BCS games. They don’t remember the Hokies being elite. Convincing players to stay in state will be a challenge, but one that Franklin can achieve given his track record. — Adelson
Grade: A
Virginia Tech’s two post-Frank Beamer hires were a coach who had not led a Power 4 program (Justin Fuente) and a first-time head coach (Brent Pry). In Franklin, Virginia Tech gets a proven winner from the Big Ten and SEC, who knows the region extremely well and will be extremely motivated to compete for league titles and CFP appearances.
Franklin’s big-stage shortcomings are a concern but perhaps not as much for a program like Virginia Tech, which is seeking to become a consistent conference title contender again. — Rittenberg
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